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药品经营质量管理规范

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药品经营质量管理规范

国家食品药品监督管理局


药品经营质量管理规范

国家药品监督管理局
2000年04月30日

国家药品监督管理局局长令第20号

  《药品经营质量管理规范》于2000年3月17日经国家药品监督管理局局务会审议通
过,现予发布,自2000年7月1日起施行。


  药品经营质量管理规范

  第一章 总则
  第一条 为加强药品经营质量管理,保证人民用药安全有效,依据《中华人民共和国
药品管理法》等有关法律、法规,制定本规范。
  第二条 药品经营企业应在药品的购进、储运和销售等环节实行质量管理,建立包括
组织结构、职责制度、过程管理和设施设备等方面的质量体系,并使之有效运行。
  第三条 本规范是药品经营质量管理的基本准则,适用于中华人民共和国境内经营药
品的专营或兼营企业。
  第二章 药品批发的质量管理
  第一节 管理职责
  第四条 企业主要负责人应保证企业执行国家有关法律、法规及本规范,对企业经营
药品的质量负领导责任。
  第五条 企业应建立以企业主要负责人为首的质量领导组织。其主要职责是:建立企
业的质量体系,实施企业质量方针,并保证企业质量管理工作人员行使职权。
  第六条 企业应设置专门的质量管理机构,行使质量管理职能,在企业内部对药品质
量具有裁决权。
  第七条 企业应设置与经营规模相适应的药品检验部门和验收、养护等组织。药品检
验部门和验收组织应隶属于质量管理机构。
  第八条 企业应依据有关法律、法规及本规范,结合企业实际制定质量管理制度,并
定期检查和考核制度执行情况。
  第九条 企业应定期对本规范实施情况进行内部评审,确保规范的实施。
  第二节 人员与培训
  第十条 企业主要负责人应具有专业技术职称,熟悉国家有关药品管理的法律、法规、
规章和所经营药品的知识。
  第十一条 企业负责人中应有具有药学专业技术职称的人员,负责质量管理工作。
  第十二条 企业质量管理机构的负责人,应是执业药师或具有相应的药学专业技术职
称,并能坚持原则、有实践经验,可独立解决经营过程中的质量问题。
  第十三条 药品检验部门的负责人,应具有相应的药学专业技术职称。
  第十四条 企业从事质量管理和检验工作的人员,应具有药学或相关专业的学历,或
者具有药学专业技术职称,经专业培训并考核合格后持证上岗。
  第十五条 从事验收、养护、计量、保管等工作的人员,应具有相应的学历或一定的
文化程度,经有关培训并考核合格后持证上岗。
  在国家有就业准入规定岗位工作的人员,需通过职业技能鉴定并取得职业资格证书后
方可上岗。
  第十六条 企业每年应组织直接接触药品的人员进行健康检查,并建立健康档案。发
现患有精神病、传染病或者其他可能污染药品疾病的患者,应调离直接接触药品的岗位。
  第十七条 企业应定期对各类人员进行药品法律、法规、规章和专业技术、药品知识、
职业道德等教育或培训,并建立档案。
  第三节 设施与设备
  第十八条 企业应有与经营规模相适应的营业场所及辅助、办公用房。营业场所应明
亮、整洁。
  第十九条 有与经营规模相适应的仓库。库区地面平整,无积水和杂草,无污染源,
并做到:
  (一)药品储存作业区、辅助作业区、办公生活区分开一定距离或有隔离措施,装卸作
业场所有顶棚。
  (二)有适宜药品分类保管和符合药品储存要求的库房。库房内墙壁、顶棚和地面光洁、
平整,门窗结构严密。
  (三)库区有符合规定要求的消防、安全设施。
  第二十条 仓库应划分待验库(区)、合格品库(区)、发货库(区)、不合格品库(区)、
退货库(区)等专用场所,经营中药饮片还应划分零货称取专库(区)。以上各库(区)均应设
有明显标志。
  第二十一条 仓库应有以下设施和设备:
  (一)保持药品与地面之间有一定距离的设备。
  (二)避光、通风和排水的设备。
  (三)检测和调节温、湿度的设备。
  (四)防尘、防潮、防霉、防污染以及防虫、防鼠、防鸟等设备。
  (五)符合安全用电要求的照明设备。
  (六)适宜拆零及拼箱发货的工作场所和包装物料等的储存场所和设备。
  第二十二条 储存麻醉药品、一类精神药品、医疗用毒性药品、放射性药品的专用仓
库应具有相应的安全保卫措施。
  第二十三条 有与经营规模、范围相适应的药品检验部门,配置相应的检验仪器和设
备。经营中药材及中药饮片的应设置中药标本室(柜)。
  第二十四条 有与企业规模相适应、符合卫生要求的验收养护室,配备必要的验收和
养护用工具及仪器设备。
  第二十五条 对所用设施和设备应定期进行检查、维修、保养并建立档案。
  第二十六条 分装中药饮片应有符合规定的专门场所,其面积和设备应与分装要求相
适应。
  第四节 进货
  第二十七条 企业应把质量放在选择药品和供货单位条件的首位,制定能够确保购进
的药品符合质量要求的进货程序。
  第二十八条 购进的药品应符合以下基本条件:
  (一)合法企业所生产或经营的药品。
  (二)具有法定的质量标准。
  (三)除国家未规定的以外,应有法定的批准文号和生产批号。进口药品应有符合规定
的、加盖了供货单位质量检验机构原印章的《进口药品注册证》和《进口药品检验报告书》
复印件。
  (四)包装和标识符合有关规定和储运要求。
  (五)中药材应标明产地。
  第二十九条 企业对首营企业应进行包括资格和质量保证能力的审核。审核由业务部
门会同质量管理机构共同进行。除审核有关资料外,必要时应实地考察。经审核批准后,
方可从首营企业进货。
  第三十条 企业对首营品种(含新规格、新剂型、新包装等)应进行合法性和质量基本
情况的审核,审核合格后方可经营。
  第三十一条 企业编制购货计划时应以药品质量作为重要依据,并有质量管理机构人
员参加。
  第三十二条 签订进货合同应明确质量条款。
  第三十三条 购进药品应有合法票据,并按规定建立购进记录,做到票、帐、货相符。
购货记录按规定保存。
  第三十四条 企业每年应对进货情况进行质量评审。
  第五节 验收与检验
  第三十五条 药品质量验收的要求是:
  (一)严格按照法定标准和合同规定的质量条款对购进药品、销后退回药品的质量进行
逐批验收。
  (二)验收时应同时对药品的包装、标签、说明书以及有关要求的证明或文件进行逐一
检查。
  (三)验收抽取的样品应具有代表性。
  (四)验收应按有关规定做好验收记录。验收记录应保存至超过药品有效期一年,但不
得少于三年。
  (五)验收首营品种,还应进行药品内在质量的检验。
  (六)验收应在符合规定的场所进行,在规定时限内完成。
  第三十六条 仓库保管员凭验收员签字或盖章收货。对货与单不符、质量异常、包装
不牢或破损、标志模糊等情况,有权拒收并报告企业有关部门处理。
  第三十七条 企业的药品检验部门承担本企业药品质量的检验任务,提供准确、可靠
的检验数据。
  第三十八条 药品检验部门抽样检验批数应达到总进货批数的规定比例。
  第三十九条 药品质量验收和检验管理的主要内容是:
  (一)药品质量标准及有关规定的收集、分发和保管。
  (二)抽样的原则和程序、验收和检验的操作规程。
  (三)发现有问题药品的处理方法。
  (四)仪器设备、计量工具的定期校准和检定,仪器的使用、保养和登记等。
  (五)原始记录和药品质量档案的建立、收集、归档和保管。
  (六)中药标本的收集和保管。
  第四十条 企业应对质量不合格药品进行控制性管理,其管理重点为:
  (一)发现不合格药品应按规定的要求和程序上报。
  (二)不合格药品的标识、存放。
  (三)查明质量不合格的原因,分清质量责任,及时处理并制定预防措施。
  (四)不合格药品报废、销毁的记录。
  (五)不合格药品处理情况的汇总和分析。
  第六节 储存与养护
  第四十一条 药品应按规定的储存要求专库、分类存放。储存中应遵守以下几点:
  (一)药品按温、湿度要求储存于相应的库中。
  (二)在库药品均应实行色标管理。
  (三)搬运和堆垛应严格遵守药品外包装图式标志的要求,规范操作。怕压药品应控制
堆放高度,定期翻垛。
  (四)药品与仓间地面、墙、顶、散热器之间应有相应的间距或隔离措施。
  (五)药品应按批号集中堆放。有效期的药品应分类相对集中存放,按批号及效期远近
依次或分开堆码并有明显标志。
  (六)药品与非药品、内用药与外用药、处方药与非处方药之间应分开存放;易串味的
药品、中药材、中药饮片以及危险品等应与其他药品分开存放。
  (七)麻醉药品、一类精神药品、医疗用毒性药品、放射性药品应当专库或专柜存放,
双人双锁保管,专帐记录。
  第四十二条 药品养护工作的主要职责是:
  (一)指导保管人员对药品进行合理储存。
  (二)检查在库药品的储存条件,配合保管人员进行仓间温、湿度等管理。
  (三)对库存药品进行定期质量检查,并做好检查记录。
  (四)对中药材和中药饮片按其特性,采取干燥、降氧、熏蒸等方法养护。
  (五)对由于异常原因可能出现质量问题的药品和在库时间较长的中药材,应抽样送检。
  (六)对检查中发现的问题及时通知质量管理机构复查处理。
  (七)定期汇总、分析和上报养护检查、近效期或长时间储存的药品等质量信息。
  (八)负责养护用仪器设备、温湿度检测和监控仪器、仓库在用计量仪器及器具等的管
理工作。
  (九)建立药品养护档案。
  第七节 出库与运输
  第四十三条 药品出库应遵循“先产先出”、“近期先出”和按批号发货的原则。
  第四十四条 药品出库应进行复核和质量检查。麻醉药品、一类精神药品、医疗用毒
性药品应建立双人核对制度。
  第四十五条 药品出库应做好药品质量跟踪记录,以保证能快速、准确地进行质量跟
踪。记录应保存至超过药品有效期一年,但不得少于三年。
  第四十六条 对有温度要求的药品的运输,应根据季节温度变化和运程采取必要的保
温或冷藏措施。
  第四十七条 麻醉药品、一类精神药品、医疗用毒性药品和危险品的运输应按有关规
定办理。
  第四十八条 由生产企业直调药品时,须经经营单位质量验收合格后方可发运。
  第四十九条 搬运、装卸药品应轻拿轻放,严格按照外包装图示标志要求堆放和采取
防护措施。
  第八节 销售与售后服务
  第五十条 企业应依据有关法律、法规和规章,将药品销售给具有合法资格的单位。
  第五十一条 销售特殊管理的药品应严格按照国家有关规定执行。
  第五十二条 销售人员应正确介绍药品,不得虚假夸大和误导用户。
  第五十三条 销售应开具合法票据,并按规定建立销售记录,做到票、帐、货相符。
销售票据和记录应按规定保存。
  第五十四条 因特殊需要从其他商业企业直调的药品,本企业应保证药品质量,并及
时做好有关记录。
  第五十五条 药品营销宣传应严格执行国家有关广告管理的法律、法规,宣传的内容
必须以国家药品监督管理部门批准的药品使用说明书为准。
  第五十六条 对质量查询、投诉、抽查和销售过程中发现的质量问题要查明原因,分
清责任,采取有效的处理措施,并做好记录。
  第五十七条 企业已售出的药品如发现质量问题,应向有关管理部门报告,并及时追
回药品和做好记录。
  第三章 药品零售的质量管理
  第一节 管理职责
  第五十八条 药品零售和零售连锁企业应遵照依法批准的经营方式和经营范围从事经
营活动,应在营业店堂的显著位置悬挂药品经营企业许可证、营业执照以及与执业人员要
求相符的执业证明。
  第五十九条 企业主要负责人对企业经营药品的质量负领导责任。
  第六十条 企业应设置质量管理机构或专职质量管理人员,具体负责企业质量管理工
作。
  第六十一条 企业应根据国家有关法律、法规和本规范,并结合企业实际,制定各项
质量管理制度。管理制度应定期检查和考核,并建立记录。
  第二节 人员与培训
  第六十二条 企业的质量负责人应具有药学专业的技术职称。
  第六十三条 药品零售中处方审核人员应是执业药师或有药师以上(含药师和中药师)
的专业技术职称。
  第六十四条 企业的质量管理和药品检验人员应具有药学或相关专业的学历,或者具
有药学专业的技术职称。
  第六十五条 企业从事质量管理、检验、验收、保管、养护、营业等工作的人员应经
过专业培训,考核合格后持证上岗。国家有就业准入规定的岗位,工作人员需通过职业技
能鉴定并取得职业资格证书后方可上岗。
  第六十六条 企业每年应组织直接接触药品的人员进行健康检查,并建立健康档案。
发现患有精神病、传染病和其他可能污染药品疾病的人员,应及时调离其工作岗位。
  第三节 设施和设备
  第六十七条 药品零售企业应有与经营规模相适应的营业场所和药品仓库,并且环境
整洁、无污染物。企业的营业场所、仓库、办公生活等区域应分开。
  第六十八条 药品零售企业营业场所和药品仓库应配置以下设备:
  (一)便于药品陈列展示的设备。
  (二)特殊管理药品的保管设备。
  (三)符合药品特性要求的常温、阴凉和冷藏保管的设备。
  (四)必要的药品检验、验收、养护的设备。
  (五)检验和调节温、湿度的设备。
  (六)保持药品与地面之间有一定距离的设备。
  (七)药品防尘、防潮、防污染和防虫、防鼠、防霉变等设备。
  (八)经营中药饮片所需的调配处方和临方炮制的设备。
  第六十九条 药品零售连锁企业应设立与经营规模相适应的配送中心,其仓储、验收、
检验、养护等设施要求与同规模的批发企业相同。零售连锁门店的药品陈列、保管等设备
要求应与零售企业相同。
  第四节 进货与验收
  第七十条 企业购进药品应以质量为前提,从合法的企业进货。对首营企业应确认其
合法资格,并做好记录。
  第七十一条 购进药品应有合法票据,并按规定建立购进记录,做到票、帐、货相符。
购进票据和记录应保存至超过药品有效期一年,但不得少于两年。
  第七十二条 购进药品的合同应明确质量条款。
  第七十三条 购进首营品种,应进行药品质量审核,审核合格后方可经营。
  第七十四条 验收人员对购进的药品,应根据原始凭证,严格按照有关规定逐批验收
并记录。必要时应抽样送检验机构检验。
  第七十五条 验收药品质量时,应按规定同时检查包装、标签、说明书等项内容。
  第五节 陈列与储存
  第七十六条 在零售店堂内陈列药品的质量和包装应符合规定。
  第七十七条 药品应按剂型或用途以及储存要求分类陈列和储存:
  (一)药品与非药品、内服药与外用药应分开存放,易串味的药品与一般药品应分开存
放。
  (二)药品应根据其温湿度要求,按照规定的储存条件存放。
  (三)处方药与非处方药应分柜摆放。
  (四)特殊管理的药品应按照国家的有关规定存放。
  (五)危险品不应陈列。如因需要必须陈列时,只能陈列代用品或空包装。危险品的储
存应按国家有关规定管理和存放。
  (六)拆零药品应集中存放于拆零专柜,并保留原包装的标签。
  (七)中药饮片装斗前应做质量复核,不得错斗、串斗,防止混药。饮片斗前应写正名
正字。
  第七十八条 陈列和储存药品的养护工作包括:
  (一)定期检查陈列与储存药品的质量并记录。近效期的药品、易霉变、易潮解的药品
视情况缩短检查周期,对质量有疑问及储存日久的药品应及时抽样送检。
  (二)检查药品陈列环境和储存条件是否符合规定要求。
  (三)对各种养护设备进行检查。
  (四)检查中发现的问题应及时向质量负责人汇报并尽快处理。
  第七十九条 库存药品应实行色标管理。
  第六节 销售与服务
  第八十条 销售药品要严格遵守有关法律、法规和制度,正确介绍药品的性能、用途、
禁忌及注意事项。
  第八十一条 销售药品时,处方要经执业药师或具有药师以上(含药师和中药师)职称
的人员审核后方可调配和销售。对处方所列药品不得擅自更改或代用。对有配伍禁忌或超
剂量的处方,应当拒绝调配、销售,必要时,需经原处方医生更正或重新签字方可调配和
销售。审核、调配或销售人员均应在处方上签字或盖章,处方按有关规定保存备查。
  第八十二条 药品拆零销售使用的工具、包装袋应清洁和卫生,出售时应在药袋上写
明药品名称、规格、服法、用量、有效期等内容。
  第八十三条 销售特殊管理的药品,应严格按照国家有关规定,凭盖有医疗单位公章
的医生处方限量供应,销售及复核人员均应在处方上签字或盖章,处方保存两年。
  第八十四条 企业应在零售场所内提供咨询服务,指导顾客安全、合理用药。企业还
应设置意见簿和公布监督电话,对顾客的批评或投诉要及时加以解决。
  第四章 附则
  第八十五条 本规范下列用语的含义是:
  企业主要负责人:具有法人资格的企业指其法定代表人;不具有法人资格的企业指其
最高管理者。
  首营企业:购进药品时,与本企业首次发生供需关系的药品生产或经营企业。
  首营品种:本企业向某一药品生产企业首次购进的药品。
  药品直调:将已购进但未入库的药品,从供货方直接发送到向本企业购买同一药品的
需求方。
  处方调配:销售药品时,营业人员根据医生处方调剂、配合药品的过程。
  第八十六条 国家药品监督管理局根据本规范制定实施细则。
  第八十七条 本规范由国家药品监督管理局负责解释。
  第八十八条 本规范自2000年7月1日起施行。
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中华人民共和国企业法人登记管理条例(附英文)

国务院


中华人民共和国企业法人登记管理条例(附英文)

1988年6月3日,国务院

第一章 总 则
第一条 为建立企业法人登记管理制度,确认企业法人资格,保障企业合法权益,取缔非法经营,维护社会经济秩序,根据《中华人民共和国民法通则》的有关规定,制定本条例。
第二条 具备法人条件的下列企业,应当依照本条例的规定办理企业法人登记:
(一)全民所有制企业;
(二)集体所有制企业;
(三)联营企业;
(四)在中华人民共和国境内设立的中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业和外资企业;
(五)私营企业;
(六)依法需要办理企业法人登记的其他企业。
第三条 申请企业法人登记,经企业法人登记主管机关审核,准予登记注册的,领取《企业法人营业执照》,取得法人资格,其合法权益受国家法律保护。
依法需要办理企业法人登记的,未经企业法人登记主管机关核准登记注册,不得从事经营活动。

第二章 登记主管机关
第四条 企业法人登记主管机关(以下简称登记主管机关)是国家工商行政管理局和地方各级工商行政管理局。各级登记主管机关在上级登记主管机关的领导下,依法履行职责,不受非法干预。
第五条 经国务院或者国务院授权部门批准的全国性公司、企业集团、经营进出口业务的公司,由国家工商行政管理局核准登记注册。中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业、外资企业由国家工商行政管理局或者国家工商行政管理局授权的地方工商行政管理局核准登记注册。
全国性公司的子(分)公司,经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府或其授权部门批准设立的企业、企业集团、经营进出口业务的公司,由省、自治区、直辖市工商行政管理局核准登记注册。
其他企业,由所在市、县(区)工商行政管理局核准登记注册。
第六条 各级登记主管机关,应当建立企业法人登记档案和登记统计制度,掌握企业法人登记有关的基础信息,为发展有计划的商品经济服务。
登记主管机关应当根据社会需要,有计划地开展向公众提供企业法人登记资料的服务。

第三章 登记条件和申请登记单位
第七条 申请企业法人登记的单位应当具备下列条件:
(一)名称、组织机构和章程;
(二)固定的经营场所和必要的设施;
(三)符合国家规定并与其生产经营和服务规模相适应的资金数额和从业人员;
(四)能够独立承担民事责任;
(五)符合国家法律、法规和政策规定的经营范围。
第八条 企业办理企业法人登记,由该企业的组建负责人申请。
独立承担民事责任的联营企业办理企业法人登记,由联营企业的组建负责人申请。

第四章 登记注册事项
第九条 企业法人登记注册的主要事项:企业法人名称、住所、经营场所、法定代表人、经济性质、经营范围、经营方式、注册资金、从业人数、经营期限、分支机构。
第十条 企业法人只准使用一个名称。企业法人申请登记注册的名称由登记主管机关核定,经核准登记注册后在规定的范围内享有专用权。
申请设立中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业和外资企业应当在合同、章程审批之前,向登记主管机关申请企业名称登记。
第十一条 登记主管机关核准登记注册的企业法人的法定代表人是代表企业行使职权的签字人。法定代表人的签字应当向登记主管机关备案。
第十二条 注册资金是国家授予企业法人经营管理的财产或者企业法人自有财产的数额体现。
企业法人办理开业登记,申请注册的资金数额与实有资金不一致的,按照国家专项规定办理。
第十三条 企业法人的经营范围应当与其资金、场地、设备、从业人员以及技术力量相适应;按照国家有关规定,可以一业为主,兼营他业。企业法人应当在核准登记注册的经营范围内从事经营活动。

第五章 开业登记
第十四条 企业法人办理开业登记,应当在主管部门或者审批机关批准后三十日内,向登记主管机关提出申请;没有主管部门、审批机关的企业申请开业登记,由登记主管机关进行审查。登记主管机关应当在受理申请后三十日内,做出核准登记或者不予核准登记的决定。
第十五条 申请企业法人开业登记,应当提交下列文件、证件:
(一)组建负责人签署的登记申请书;
(二)主管部门或者审批机关的批准文件;
(三)组织章程;
(四)资金信用证明、验资证明或者资金担保;
(五)企业主要负责人的身份证明;
(六)住所和经营场所使用证明;
(七)其他有关文件、证件。
第十六条 申请企业法人开业登记的单位,经登记主管机关核准登记注册,领取《企业法人营业执照》后,企业即告成立。企业法人凭据《企业法人营业执照》可以刻制公章、开立银行帐户、签订合同,进行经营活动。
登记主管机关可以根据企业法人开展业务的需要,核发《企业法人营业执照》副本。

第六章 变更登记
第十七条 企业法人改变名称、住所、经营场所、法定代表人、经济性质、经营范围、经营方式、注册资金、经营期限,以及增设或者撤销分支机构,应当申请办理变更登记。
第十八条 企业法人申请变更登记,应当在主管部门或者审批机关批准后三十日内,向登记主管机关申请办理变更登记。
第十九条 企业法人分立、合并、迁移,应当在主管部门或者审批机关批准后三十日内,向登记主管机关申请办理变更登记、开业登记或者注销登记。

第七章 注销登记
第二十条 企业法人歇业、被撤销、宣告破产或者因其他原因终止营业,应当向登记主管机关办理注销登记。
第二十一条 企业法人办理注销登记,应当提交法定代表人签署的申请注销登记报告、主管部门或者审批机关的批准文件、清理债务完结的证明或者清算组织负责清理债权债务的文件。经登记主管机关核准后,收缴《企业法人营业执照》、《企业法人营业执照》副本,收缴公章,并将注销登记情况告知其开户银行。
第二十二条 企业法人领取《企业法人营业执照》后,满六个月尚未开展经营活动或者停止经营活动满一年的,视同歇业,登记主管机关应当收缴《企业法人营业执照》、《企业法人营业执照》副本,收缴公章,并将注销登记情况告知其开户银行。

第八章 公告、年检和证照管理
第二十三条 企业开业、变更名称、注销,由登记主管机关发布企业法人登记公告。 未经登记主管机关批准,其他单位不得发布企业法人登记公告。
第二十四条 企业法人登记管理实行年度检验制度。企业法人应当按照登记主管机关规定的时间提交年检报告书、资金平衡表或者资产负债表。登记主管机关应当对企业法人登记的主要事项进行审查。
第二十五条 登记主管机关核发的《企业法人营业执照》是企业法人凭证,除登记主管机关依照法定程序可以扣缴或者吊销外,其他任何单位和个人不得收缴、扣押、毁坏。
企业法人遗失《企业法人营业执照》、《企业法人营业执照》副本,必须登报声明后,方可申请补领。
《企业法人营业执照》、《企业法人营业执照》副本,不得伪造、涂改、出租、出借、转让、出卖和擅自复印。
第二十六条 企业法人办理开业登记、变更登记、年度检验,应当按照规定缴纳登记费、年检费。开业登记费按注册资金总额的1‰缴纳;注册资金超过一千万元的,超过部分按0.5‰缴纳;注册资金超过一亿元的,超过部分不再缴纳。登记费最低额为五十元。变更登记费、年检费的缴纳数额由国家工商行政管理局规定。

第九章 事业单位、科技性的社会团体从事经营活动的登记管理
第二十七条 事业单位、科技性的社会团体根据国家有关规定,设立具备法人条件的企业,由该企业申请登记,经登记主管机关核准,领取《企业法人营业执照》,方可从事经营活动。
第二十八条 根据国家有关规定,实行企业化经营,国家不再核拨经费的事业单位和从事经营活动的科技性的社会团体,具备企业法人登记条件的,由该单位申请登记,经登记主管机关核准,领取《企业法人营业执照》,方可从事经营活动。

第十章 监督管理
第二十九条 登记主管机关对企业法人依法履行下列监督管理职责:
(一)监督企业法人按照规定办理开业、变更、注销登记;
(二)监督企业法人按照登记注册事项和章程、合同从事经营活动;
(三)监督企业法人和法定代表人遵守国家法律、法规和政策;
(四)制止和查处企业法人的违法经营活动,保护企业法人的合法权益。
第三十条 企业法人有下列情形之一的,登记主管机关可以根据情况分别给予警告、罚款、没收非法所得、停业整顿、扣缴、吊销《企业法人营业执照》的处罚:
(一)登记中隐瞒真实情况、弄虚作假或者未经核准登记注册擅自开业的;
(二)擅自改变主要登记事项或者超出核准登记的经营范围从事经营活动的;
(三)不按照规定办理注销登记或者不按照规定报送年检报告书,办理年检的;
(四)伪造、涂改、出租、出借、转让、出卖或者擅自复印《企业法人营业执照》、《企业法人营业执照》副本的;
(五)抽逃、转移资金,隐匿财产逃避债务的;
(六)从事非法经营活动的。
对企业法人按照上述规定进行处罚时,应当根据违法行为的情节,追究法定代表人的行政责任、经济责任;触犯刑律的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第三十一条 登记主管机关处理企业法人违法活动,必须查明事实,依法处理,并将处理决定书面通知当事人。
第三十二条 企业法人对登记主管机关的处罚不服时,可以在收到处罚通知后十五日内向上一级登记主管机关申请复议。上级登记主管机关应当在收到复议申请之日起三十日内作出复议决定。申请人对复议决定不服的,可以在收到复议通知之日起三十日内向人民法院起诉。逾期不提出
申诉又不缴纳罚没款的,登记主管机关可以按照规定程序通知其开户银行予以划拨。
第三十三条 企业法人被吊销《企业法人营业执照》,登记主管机关应当收缴其公章,并将注销登记情况告知其开户银行,其债权债务由主管部门或者清算组织负责清理。
第三十四条 主管部门、审批机关、登记主管机关的工作人员违反本条例规定,严重失职、滥用职权、营私舞弊、索贿受贿或者侵害企业法人合法权益的,应当根据情节给予行政处分和经济处罚;触犯刑律的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。

第十一章 附 则
第三十五条 企业法人设立不能独立承担民事责任的分支机构,由该企业法人申请登记,经登记主管机关核准,领取《营业执照》,在核准登记的经营范围内从事经营活动。
根据国家有关规定,由国家核拨经费的事业单位、科技性的社会团体从事经营活动或者设立不具备法人条件的企业,由该单位申请登记,经登记主管机关核准,领取《营业执照》,在核准登记的经营范围内从事经营活动。
具体登记管理参照本条例的规定执行。
第三十六条 经国务院有关部门或者各级计划部门批准的新建企业,其筹建期满一年的,应当按照专项规定办理筹建登记。
第三十七条 本条例施行前,具备法人条件的企业,已经登记主管机关核准登记注册的,不再另行办理企业法人登记。
第三十八条 本条例由国家工商行政管理局负责解释;施行细则由国家工商行政管理局制定。
第三十九条 本条例自1988年7月1日起施行。1980年7月26日国务院发布的《中外合资经营企业登记管理办法》,1982年8月9日国务院发布的《工商企业登记管理条例》,1985年8月14日国务院批准、1985年8月25日国家工商行政管理局发布的《公司
登记管理暂行规定》同时废止。(附英文)

REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR CONTROLLING THEREGISTRATION OF ENTERPRISES AS LEGAL PERSONS

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR CONTROLLING THE
REGISTRATION OF ENTERPRISES AS LEGAL PERSONS
(Adopted by the Fourth Executive Meeting of the State Council on
May 13, 1988, promulgated by Decree No. 1 of the State Council of the
People's Republic of China on June 3, 1988, and effective as of July 1,
1988)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
In accordance with relevant provisions of the General Principles of the
Civil Law of the People's Republic of China, the present Regulations are
formulated with a view to establishing a system for controlling the
registration of enterprises as legal persons, confirming their status as
such, safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests, stamping out
illegal business operations, and preserving social and economic order.
Article 2
Any of the following enterprises which are qualified as legal persons
shall register as such in accordance with the relevant provisions of the
present Regulations:
(1) enterprises owned by the whole people;
(2) enterprises under collective ownership;
(3) jointly operated enterprises;
(4) Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures, Chinese-foreign contractual
joint ventures and foreign-capital enterprises established within the
territory of the People's Republic of China;
(5) privately operated enterprises;
(6) other enterprises required by the law to register as legal persons.
Article 3
Those enterprises applying for registration as legal persons shall be
given Business Licenses for Enterprises as Legal Persons and the status of
legal persons when their applications for registration have been examined
and approved by the authorities in charge of the registration of
enterprises as legal persons and their legitimate rights and interests
shall be protected by laws of the State.
Those enterprises, which are required by law to register as legal persons
but which have not gone through the procedures of examination and approval
registration by the authorities in charge of the registration of
enterprises as legal persons, shall not be allowed to engage in business
operations.

Chapter II Registration Authorities
Article 4
The authorities in charge of the registration of enterprises as legal
persons (hereinafter referred to as the registration authorities) are the
State Administration for Industry and Commerce and administrative
departments for industry and commerce at various levels. Registration
authorities at various levels shall perform their functions according to
law under the leadership of higher registration authorities and be free
from unlawful interference.
Article 5
The registration of national corporations, enterprise groups and
corporations handling import-export business set up with the approval of
the State Council or departments authorized by the State Council shall be
examined and approved by the State Administration for Industry and
Commerce. The registration of Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures,
Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures and foreign-capital enterprises
shall be examined and approved by the State Administration for Industry
and Commerce or by local administrative departments for industry and
commerce authorized by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce.
The registration of son (or branch) companies of national corporations,
enterprises, enterprise groups or companies handling import-export trade
established with the approval of the people's governments of provinces,
autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government
or departments authorized by them shall be examined and approved by the
administrative departments for industry and commerce of the provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government. The registration of other enterprises shall be examined and
approved by the administrative departments for industry and commerce of
the cities of counties (districts) where the enterprises are located.
Article 6
Registration authorities at various levels shall institute a file of the
registration of enterprises as legal persons and a system for tabulating
statistics relating to such registration, and collect basic information
about the registration of enterprises as legal persons so as to serve the
development of a planned commodity economy. Registration authorities
shall offer, in a planned manner and according to the needs of society,
the service of providing the public with data about the registration of
enterprises as legal persons.

Chapter III Conditions for Registration and Entities to Apply for Registration
Article 7
Entities applying for registration as enterprises as legal persons must
satisfy the following conditions, i.e. having:
(1) name, organization and articles of association;
(2) fixed sites for business operations and essential facilities;
(3) funds and employees in conformity with State regulations and in line
with their scale of production, operation or service;
(4) ability to bear civil liabilities independently;
(5) a scope of business in conformity with the provisions of the relevant
laws, regulations and policies of the State.
Article 8
The application of an enterprise for registration as a legal person shall
be filed by the person responsible for establishing the enterprise.
The registration as a legal person of a jointly operated enterprise which
bears civil liabilities independently shall be applied for by the person
responsible for initiating the said enterprise.

Chapter IV Items of Registration
Article 9
The major items to be registered for an enterprise as a legal person are:
name, residence, site for business operation, legal representative,
economic nature, scope of business, mode of operation, registered capital,
number of employees, duration of operation and subdivisions.
Article 10
An enterprise as a legal person shall use only one name. The name to be
used by the enterprise as a legal person in its application for
registration shall be examined by the registration authorities and, after
it is approved and registered, the enterprise as a legal person shall
enjoy the right to the exclusive use of the registered name within a
definite limit.
Those who apply for establishing Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures,
Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures or foreign-capital enterprises
shall apply to the registration authorities for registering the names of
the enterprises before their contracts and articles of association are
examined and approved.
Article 11
The legal representative of an enterprise as a legal person, which has
been registered after examination and approval by a registration
authority, shall be the signatory who exercises functions and powers on
behalf of the enterprise. The signature of the legal representative shall
be submitted to the registration authority for the record.
Article 12
The registered capital of an enterprise as a legal person represents the
total value of the property the State entrusts to it for operation and
management or that of the property owned by the enterprise itself.
When an enterprise as a legal person registers for starting operations,
the discrepancy between the sum of capital it applies for registration and
the sum of capital it actually possesses shall be handled in accordance
with specific regulations of the State.
Article 13
The scope of business of an enterprise as a legal person shall be in
harmony with its capital, sites, equipment, employees and technical force.
It may focus on one line of business as its main operation while engaging
in other operations simultaneously in accordance with relevant regulations
of the State. An enterprise as a legal person shall engage in operations
within the scope of business as approved in registration.

Chapter V Registration for Starting Operations
Article 14
An enterprise as a legal person shall apply to a registration authority
for registration for starting operations within 30 days after the approval
of the department in charge of it or that of an authority for examination
and approval. For an enterprise which does not have a department in charge
or authority for examination and approval, its application for
registration for starting operations shall be examined by a registration
authority. The registration authority shall make a decision of approval or
disapproval of the application for registration within 30 days after
receiving it.
Article 15
An enterprise as a legal person shall submit the following papers when
applying for registration for starting operations:
(1) an application for registration signed by the person responsible for
its establishment;
(2) the document of approval issued by the department in charge or the
authority for examination and approval;
(3) its articles of association;
(4) a certificate of its credit worthiness, a certificate of the
verification of its capital or a guarantee for its capital;
(5) a certificate of the identity of the principal responsible person of
the enterprise;
(6) a certificate of the right to use the residence and site for
operation;
(7) other relevant papers and certificates.
Article 16
When the application filed by an entity for starting operations as an
enterprise as a legal person has been examined and approved by a
registration authority and a Business Licenses for Enterprises as a Legal
Person is received, the enterprise shall be considered as established. The
enterprises as a legal person may henceforth have its official seal made,
open a bank account, sign contracts and conduct business operations by
dint of its Business License.
The registration authority may, after a check-up, issue duplicates of the
Business License, if the enterprise as a legal person needs them for its
business operations.

Chapter VI Changes in Registration
Article 17
An enterprise as a legal person shall apply for making changes in its
registration whenever it changes its name, residence, site, legal
representative, economic nature, scope of business, mode of operation,
registered capital or duration of operation and whenever it increases or
disbands its branches.
Article 18
An enterprise as a legal person shall apply to the registration authority
for making changes in its registration within 30 days after the changes
are approved by the department in charge or by the authority for
examination and approval.
Article 19
An enterprise as a legal person shall apply to the registration authority
for making changes in its registration, or for registration for starting
operations or for cancelling its registration, whenever it is split up,
or merged with others or moved elsewhere, within 30 days after these
changes are approved by the department in charge or by the authority for
examination and approval.

Chapter VII Cancellation of Registration
Article 20
An enterprise as a legal person shall go through the procedures for
cancelling its registration with the registration authority when it closes
down, is dissolved, declares bankruptcy or terminates its business
operations for other reasons.
Article 21
Whenever an enterprise as a legal person is to cancel its registration, it
must submit an application signed by its legal representative, a document
of approval issued by the department in charge or by the authority for
examination and approval, a certificate showing the completion of the
clearing up of its liabilities, or a document showing that a liquidation
organization will be responsible for clearing up its creditor's rights and
liabilities. The registration authority, after examining and approving the
application, shall recall the Business License for Enterprise as a Legal
Person, duplicates of the License, take over the official seal of the
enterprise, and notify the banks at which it has opened an account of the
cancellation of its registration.
Article 22
An enterprise as a legal person, which fails to start operations 6 months
after receiving its Business License for Enterprise as a Legal Person or
which has ceased its operations for a year, shall be regarded as having
closed down, and the registration authority shall recall its Business
License for Enterprises as a Legal Person, duplicates of the License, take
over its official seal and notify the banks at which it has opened an
account of the cancellation of its registration.

Chapter VIII Announcement, Annual Check-up and Control of Certi- ficates
Article 23
The registration authority shall issue registration announcements whenever
an enterprise as a legal person starts operations, changes its name or
cancels its registration. No other organ shall be entitled to issue such
announcements without the approval of the registration authority.
Article 24
A system for conducting annual check-up shall be instituted to administer
the registration of enterprises as legal persons. An enterprise as a legal
person shall submit its annual check-up report, its balance sheet or
statement of assets and liabilities to the registration authority at the
time it prescribes. The registration authority shall check up the major
items contained in the registration of the enterprise as a legal person.
Article 25
The Business License for Enterprises as a Legal Person issued by the
registration authority is the certificate of an enterprise as a legal
person. Except the registration authority, which may withhold or cancel it
in accordance with the legal procedures, no other organ or individual is
entitled to take over, detain or destroy it. An enterprise as a legal
person, which has lost its Business License for Enterprise as a Legal
Person or duplicates of the License, must announce the loss in a newspaper
before it can apply for a replacement.
The Business License for Enterprise as a Legal Person and its duplicates
may not be forged, altered, leased, lent, sold or reproduced without
permission.
Article 26
An enterprise as a legal person shall pay registration and annual check-up
fees according to the rules when it registers for starting operations and
applies for making changes in its registration and when it receives the
annual check-up. The fees to be charged on registration for starting
operations shall be 0.1% of the sum of the enterprise's registered
capital; in cases where the registered capital exceeds 10 million yuan,
the fees to be charged on the portion in excess of the said sum shall be
0.05% of it; in cases where the registered capital exceeds 100 million
yuan, no fees shall be charged on the portion in excess of the said sum.
The minimum registration fee shall be 50 yuan. Fees to be charged on
making changes in the registration and conducting the annual check-up
shall be prescribed by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce.

Chapter IX Control of the Registration of Business Operations by Institutions and Scientific and Technological Public Organizations
Article 27
When institutions or scientific and technological public organizations
establish enterprises qualified as legal persons in line with relevant
regulations of the state, the applications for registration shall be filed
by the enterprises. They may engage in business operations only after
their applications for registration have been approved by the registration
authorities and after they have received their respective Business
Licenses for Enterprise as a Legal Person.
Article 28
Institutions, which are run like enterprises in accordance with relevant
regulations of the State and which no longer receive operating funds from
the State, or scientific and technological public organizations which are
established for business operations, shall apply for registration if they
are qualified to be enterprises as legal persons. They may engage in
business operations only after their applications have been approved by
the registration authorities and they have received their respective
Business Licenses for Enterprise as a Legal Person.

Chapter X Supervision and Control
Article 29
The registration authorities shall exercise the following functions of
supervision and control over enterprises as legal persons according to
law:
(1) supervising the registration for starting operations, the application
for making changes and the cancellation of registration by enterprises as
legal persons according to regulations;
(2) supervising the conduct of business operations by enterprises as legal
persons in line with the items of registration, articles of association
and contracts;
(3) supervising the compliance of enterprises as legal persons and their
legal representatives with laws, regulations and policies of the State;
(4) stopping, investigating or dealing with illegal business operations of
enterprises as legal persons; protecting their legitimate rights and
interests.
Article 30
The registration authority may, in light of the circumstances, penalize an
enterprise as legal person by warning, fine, confiscation of illegal
earnings, suspension of business for consideration, or withholding or
revoking the Business License for Enterprise as a Legal Person, if it is
involved in any of the following case:
(1) concealing the true situation and resorting to deception in the course
of registration or starting operations before the approval of its
registration;
(2) altering major items in the registration without permission or
engaging in business operations beyond the scope of business as approved
in registration;
(3) failing to cancel registration according to the rules or failing to
submit the annual check-up report or receive the annual check-up;
(4) forging, altering, leasing, lending, transferring, selling or
reproducing the Business License for Enterprise as a Legal Person or its
duplicates without permission;
(5) withdrawing or transferring capital, concealing assets or dodging
liabilities;
(6) engaging in illegal business operations.
While penalizing an enterprise as a legal person in line with the above
provisions, the registration authority shall investigate its legal
representative's administrative and economic responsibilities according to
the seriousness of the violations of the law; judicial organs shall
investigate the criminal responsibilities of those who have violated the
criminal law.
Article 31
The registration authority shall ascertain the facts and act according to
law when dealing with the illegal activities of an enterprise as a legal
person and notify the parties concerned of its decision in writing.
Article 32
When an enterprise as a legal person disagrees with the penalty meted out
by the registration authority, it may appeal within 15 days after
receiving the notice of penalty, to the immediate higher registration
authority for reconsideration. The higher registration authority shall
make a reconsideration decision within 30 days after receiving the appeal
for reconsideration. The enterprise may file a suit in a people's court
within 30 days after receiving the notice of reconsideration if it
disagrees with the reconsideration decision. The registration authority
may, in accordance with the prescribed procedures, ask the bank at which
the enterprise has an account to transfer from its account the sum to be
fined or confiscated as penalty, if it fails to appeal or to pay the fine
or the confiscated sum at the expiry of the prescribed period.
Article 33
When an enterprise as a legal person has its business license revoked, the
registration authority shall take over its official seal and notify the
bank at which it has an account of the cancellation of its registration,
and the department in charge or a liquidation organization shall be
responsible for settling its creditor's rights and liabilities.
Article 34
Any functionary of the department in charge, the authority for examination
and approval or of the registration authority, who has violated the
present Regulations, neglected his duties to a serious extent, abused his
powers, practised graft and embezzlement, extorted and taken bribes or
encroached on the legitimate rights and interests of an enterprise as a
legal person, shall be given administrative or economic penalty in light
of the circumstances; the judicial organ shall investigate, according to
law, his criminal responsibility, if the violates the criminal law.

Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions
Article 35
When an enterprise as a legal person establishes a branch which is
incapable of bearing civil liability independently, the registration of
the branch shall be applied for by the enterprise. The branch shall
receive a Business License after the application is approved by the
registration authority and may engage in business operations within the
scope of business as approved in registration.
In accordance with relevant State regulations, administrative institutions
depending on State funding or scientific and technological social bodies
must apply for registration if they engage in business operations or
establish enterprises not qualified as legal persons. They shall receive
Business Licenses after their applications are approved by the
registration authorities and may engage in business operations within the
scope of business as approved in registration.
The specific control of the registration involved shall be enforced with
reference to the provisions of the present Regulations.
Article 36
For new enterprises to be established with the approval of relevant
departments of the State Council or planning departments at various
levels, if their preparations have been under way for more than 1 year,
applications for the registration of the establishment shall be filed
according to specific regulations.

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江苏省人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《江苏省收费公路管理条例》的决定

江苏省人大常委会


江苏省人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《江苏省收费公路管理条例》的决定


(2012年1月12日江苏省第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十六次会议通过)



江苏省人大常委会公告

第101号



  《江苏省人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改〈江苏省收费公路管理条例〉的决定》已由江苏省第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十六次会议于2012年1月12日通过,现予公布,自2012年2月1日起施行。

   江苏省人民代表大会常务委员会

   2012年1月12日



  江苏省第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十六次会议决定对《江苏省收费公路管理条例》作如下修改:

  将第五十三条第三款修改为:“违反本条例第二十六条第二款规定的,由交通运输主管部门处以二百元以上二千元以下罚款;情节严重的,处以二千元以上一万元以下罚款;构成违反治安管理行为的,由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任;造成收费公路经营管理者财产损失或者收费公路管理人员人身损害的,依法承担民事赔偿责任。”

  本决定自2012年2月1日起施行。

  《江苏省收费公路管理条例》根据本决定作相应修改,重新公布。





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